Chapter 2 of 10
Syllabus
Learning Skills — Syllabus
Gujarat Board · Class 12 · Psychology
What Learning Skills covers in Gujarat Board Class 12 Psychology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Topics include Nature and Definition of Learning.
5 concepts
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4 Topics · Gujarat Board Class 12 Psychology · 2026-27
Topics in Learning Skills
1
Nature and Definition of Learning
- Learning is a continuous process from birth till death.
- Every living being learns to adapt to its environment for survival.
- Human behaviour is of two types: Natural (Innate) Behaviour and Learned Behaviour.
2
Learning by Emulation (Modeling and Imitation)
- Also called Observational Learning or Social Learning.
- Most basic and earliest form of learning in both humans and animals.
- Observation is the most important source of learning by emulation.
3
Learning by Trial and Error — Thorndike's Experiment
- Proposed by American Psychologist Edward L. Thorndike.
- Thorndike used a specially designed Puzzle Box for his experiments on a hungry cat.
- Food was placed outside the box (visible to the cat); the cat had to press a lever inside to open the door.
4
Classical Conditioning — Pavlov's Experiment
- Introduced by Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849–1936).
- Pavlov was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine in 1904.
- Also known as Traditional Conditioning or Respondent Conditioning.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Learning
Definition of LearningTypes of BehaviourLearning by EmulationTrial and Error LearningClassical ConditioningOperant ConditioningInsight Learning
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What are the important topics in Learning Skills for Gujarat Board Class 12 Psychology?
Key topics in Learning Skills include Nature and Definition of Learning, Learning by Emulation (Modeling and Imitation), Learning by Trial and Error — Thorndike's Experiment, Classical Conditioning — Pavlov's Experiment. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Gujarat Board Class 12 board exam.
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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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