Lines and Angles
Gujarat Board · Class 7 · Mathematics
Complete topic list for Lines and Angles in Gujarat Board Class 7 Mathematics. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Lines and Angles
Basic Concepts: Lines, Line Segments, and Rays
- A line segment has TWO end points and a fixed, measurable length. Example: The edge of your ruler.
- A line has NO end points — it extends infinitely in BOTH directions. Example: A road stretching endlessly.
- A ray has ONE end point (called the initial point or starting point) and extends infinitely in only ONE direction. Example: A ray of sunlight.
Related Angles: Complementary and Supplementary
- Two angles are COMPLEMENTARY if their sum equals 90°. Each angle is the complement of the other.
- Two angles are SUPPLEMENTARY if their sum equals 180°. Each angle is the supplement of the other.
- Complementary angles do NOT have to be adjacent (next to each other) — they just need to add up to 90°.
Adjacent Angles, Linear Pair, and Vertically Opposite Angles
- Adjacent angles share a common vertex and a common arm, but their non-common arms are on OPPOSITE sides of the common arm.
- A Linear Pair is formed when two adjacent angles are supplementary (sum = 180°). They together form a straight line.
- The two angles in a linear pair ALWAYS add up to 180°.
Pairs of Lines: Intersecting Lines and Transversal
- Two lines INTERSECT if they have exactly one point in common — called the point of intersection.
- Two lines on the same plane that never intersect are called PARALLEL LINES. Symbol: l ∥ m means line l is parallel to line m.
- A TRANSVERSAL is a line that cuts (intersects) two or more lines at DISTINCT (different) points.
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