Rebels and the Raj: 1857 Revolt and its Representations
Himachal Pradesh Board · Class 12 · History
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The Beginning: Meerut to Delhi (May 10-11, 1857)
- The revolt began on May 10, 1857, in Meerut cantonment with sepoys breaking into mutiny
- Sepoys captured the bell of arms (weapons storehouse) and attacked British property
- Government buildings including record office, jail, court, post office, and treasury were destroyed
Spread and Pattern of the Revolt
- The revolt spread systematically across North India following a similar pattern
- Cantonments in Gangetic valley and west of Delhi rose in sequence
- Pattern: Signal (evening gun/bugle) → Seize bell of arms → Attack government buildings → Proclamations
Leadership and Organization
- Rebels turned to traditional leaders: Bahadur Shah (Delhi), Nana Sahib (Kanpur), Rani Lakshmi Bai (Jhansi)
- Many leaders were reluctantly forced into leadership by popular pressure
- In Awadh, Birjis Qadr (son of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah) was proclaimed leader
Causes of the Revolt: The Cartridge Issue and Rumours
- Immediate cause: New Enfield rifle cartridges allegedly greased with cow and pig fat
- Origin story: Khalasi at Dum Dum magazine told Brahmin sepoy about cartridge grease
- Rumours spread about British conspiracy to destroy Hindu and Muslim religions
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