Environment and Natural Resources

Antarctica, Earth's atmosphere, Ocean floor, Outer space

Global commons are areas outside the sovereign jurisdiction of any state. They include Antarctica, the earth's atmosphere, ocean floor, and outer space. National forests belong to specific countries.

India, China, Other developing countries

India, China, and other developing countries were exempted from Kyoto Protocol requirements because their historical contribution to greenhouse gas emissions during industrialization was not significant.

Limits to Growth

The Club of Rome published 'Limits to Growth' in 1972, which dramatized the potential depletion of Earth's resources against the backdrop of rapidly growing world population.

Common property resource management

Sacred groves in India are managed by village communities as common property resources, representing traditional community-based resource management systems.