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Revision Notes

Social Movements

Himachal Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Sociology

Quick revision notes for Social Movements — Himachal Pradesh Board Class 12 Sociology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

45 questions22 flashcards5 concepts

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An infographic illustrating the defining characteristics of a social movement, including sustained collective action, organization, shared objectives/ideologies, and a focus on public issues.
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Key Topics to Revise

1

Understanding Social Movements

  • Social movements require sustained collective action over time, not just spontaneous protests
  • They are often directed against the state, demanding changes in policy or practice
  • Must have some degree of organization with leadership and structure
2

Types of Social Movements

  • Redemptive/Transformatory: Aim to change personal consciousness and individual actions (e.g., Narayana Guru's work with Ezhava community)
  • Reformist: Seek gradual change within existing system (e.g., language-based state reorganization, RTI campaign)
  • Revolutionary: Attempt radical transformation, often by capturing state power (e.g., Bolshevik revolution, Naxalite movement)
3

Old vs New Social Movements

  • Old movements: Class-based, led by political parties and trade unions, focused on economic inequality and power redistribution
  • New movements: Quality-of-life issues, environmental concerns, identity politics, cross-class participation
  • Rajni Kothari attributes rise of new movements to dissatisfaction with parliamentary democracy and elite capture of state institutions
4

Ecological Movements - The Chipko Movement

  • Chipko Movement in Himalayan foothills - villagers hugged trees to prevent cutting
  • Interlinked issues: villagers' subsistence needs vs government's commercial interests
  • Economy of subsistence vs economy of profit

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

A sustained collective action over timeOld movements were classMovements that arise in oppositionA broader term referring to organizationsRedemptive movements focus on personal transformation

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Social Movements for Himachal Pradesh Board Class 12 Sociology?
Social Movements covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Himachal Pradesh Board Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Social Movements — Himachal Pradesh Board Class 12 Sociology?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 45 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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