Classification of Human Activities

Doctor

Step 1: Recall the chapter's information about professional bodies. Step 2: Each profession has a central body or council. Step 3: A Doctor must be a member of the Medical Council of India. Step 4: A Dentist must be a member of the Dental Council. A Chartered Accountant must be a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). A Lawyer must be enrolled with the Bar Council. Step 5: The question asks about the Medical Council of India specifically — the answer is Doctor.

Fixed monthly salary as reward

Step 1: Recall the characteristics of Business listed in the chapter. Step 2: Business characteristics include profit motive, regularity of dealings, element of risk and uncertainty, dealing in goods and services, creation of utility, and wide scope. Step 3: A 'fixed monthly salary' is the reward for Employment/Service, NOT Business. Step 4: In Business, the reward is Profit — which is uncertain and depends on sales and costs. Step 5: Since fixed monthly salary belongs to Employment and not Business, Option D is the one that does NOT belong to Business characteristics.

Employment

Step 1: Identify the key details — Priya works FOR OTHERS (government office) and receives a MONTHLY SALARY. Step 2: Employment refers to activities where people work for others regularly and get remuneration (salary/wages) in return. Step 3: Business would mean she runs her own enterprise to earn profit — she does not. Step 4: Profession would mean she uses specialised skills (like a doctor or lawyer) — being a clerk does not require such professional qualifications. Step 5: Since she works for an employer and receives a fixed salary, this is clearly Employment.

A person donating blood for injured soldiers out of patriotism

Step 1: Non-economic activities are those undertaken for emotional, social, religious, or personal reasons — NOT for earning money. Step 2: A shopkeeper selling goods earns profit — economic activity. Step 3: A teacher receiving a salary for teaching — economic activity (employment). Step 4: A factory producing goods creates wealth — economic activity (business). Step 5: Donating blood out of patriotism is done for love of the nation, not for money — this is a non-economic activity motivated by patriotism. The chapter specifically lists patriotism (like donating blood for armymen) as a reason