Statistics and Probability — Syllabus
ICSE · Class 12 · Artificial Intelligence
What Statistics and Probability covers in ICSE Class 12 Artificial Intelligence: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
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Topics in Statistics and Probability
Statistics and Central Tendency
- Statistics deals with quantitative data and helps extract useful information from it.
- The three primary measures of central tendency are mean, median, and mode.
- Mean gives the arithmetic average of all values.
Dispersion: Variance and Standard Deviation
- Variance and standard deviation are measures of dispersion, also called variability.
- They show how spread out the data points are from the mean.
- Variance is the average of squared differences between each data point and the mean.
Real-Life Meaning of Spread
- Standard deviation is used to judge reliability in sports performance.
- Chris has a low standard deviation of 2 points and averages 20 points per game, so his scoring is more consistent.
- Alex has a high standard deviation of 10 points and averages 20 points per game, so his scoring changes a lot.
Probability Basics
- Probability describes the likelihood of events occurring.
- Probability is expressed as a number between 0 and 1.
- A probability of 0 means the event is impossible.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Statistics and Probability as the branch of mathematics for understanding data and uncertainty
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