Urban — Syllabus
ICSE · Class 12 · English- Short Stories : Perspectives and Reflections
What Urban covers in ICSE Class 12 English- Short Stories : Perspectives and Reflections: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
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Topics in Urban
Poet and Poem Overview
- Nissim Ezekiel was a pioneering Indian poet, playwright, and critic.
- He is often regarded as the father of post-independence Indian English poetry.
- He was born in Bombay to a Bene Israeli Jewish family.
Central Idea and Theme
- The poem shows a man who lives in the city but is mentally and emotionally cut off from nature.
- The hills are far away, showing separation from peace and natural beauty.
- The river he claims to love is dry, which creates irony and suggests weak or false connection with nature.
Important Lines and Their Meaning
- The hills are always far away: this suggests distance from nature and tranquillity.
- He knows the broken roads, and moves in circles tracked within his head: this shows routine, confusion, and mental confinement.
- Before he wakes and has his say, the river which he claims he loves is dry, and all the winds lie dead: this suggests hollow love for nature and a lifeless world.
Poetic Devices and Style
- The poem uses strong imagery of hills, roads, river, wind, dawn, sun, rain, beach, tree, and stone.
- The city is personified as something that burns like a passion.
- The comparison 'The city like a passion burns' is a simile.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Urban by Nissim Ezekiel
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Sources & Official References
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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