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Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement: Civil Disobedience and Beyond

Jharkhand Board · Class 12 · History

Quick revision notes for Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement: Civil Disobedience and Beyond — Jharkhand Board Class 12 History. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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A timeline illustrating key events in Mahatma Gandhi's life in South Africa, including his arrival, legal career, development of Satyagraha, and advocacy for Indian rights, before his return to India.
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Key Topics to Revise

1

Gandhi's Return and Early Years in India (1915-1919)

  • Gandhi returned to India in January 1915 after two decades in South Africa where he developed satyagraha
  • South Africa was 'the making of the Mahatma' - where he first practiced non-violent protest
  • India in 1915 was politically more active with Congress having branches in major cities
2

Rowlatt Satyagraha and Jallianwala Bagh (1919)

  • Rowlatt Act: Extended wartime emergency measures (censorship, detention without trial)
  • Gandhi called for nationwide satyagraha against Rowlatt Act
  • Widespread response: shops closed, schools shut, bandh observed across North and West India
3

Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)

  • Gandhi called for non-cooperation with British rule
  • Program: boycott schools, colleges, courts; don't pay taxes; renounce government jobs
  • Coupled with Khilafat Movement to unite Hindus and Muslims
4

Gandhi's Transformation of Nationalism

  • By 1922, transformed nationalism from elite to mass movement
  • Gandhi's appeal: dressed like common people (dhoti), lived simply, worked with hands
  • Charkha (spinning wheel) symbolized self-reliance and challenged machine civilization

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Key Concepts

Gandhi's philosophy and method of nonGandhi transformed Indian nationalism fromA mass movement where IndiansLaunched with the famous Salt MarchGandhi's final major movement demanding immediate

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Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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