Biotechnology and its Applications
Jammu & Kashmir Board · Class 12 · Biology
Complete topic list for Biotechnology and its Applications in Jammu & Kashmir Board Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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See them allTopics in Biotechnology and its Applications
1. Biotechnology in Agriculture
- Three main approaches for increasing food production are agro-chemical based agriculture, organic agriculture, and genetically engineered crop-based agriculture.
- The three critical research areas of biotechnology are providing improved catalysts, creating optimal engineering conditions, and downstream processing technologies.
- Explants are any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube under sterile conditions in special nutrient media.
2. Biotechnology in Medicine
- Recombinant DNA technology has made a major impact in healthcare by enabling mass production of safe and effective therapeutic drugs.
- Recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses like products isolated from non-human sources.
- About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use worldwide, and 12 are marketed in India.
3. Transgenic Animals
- Transgenic animals have extra foreign DNA introduced and expressed in their bodies.
- Transgenic rats, rabbits, pigs, sheep, cows, and fish have been produced.
- Over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals are mice.
4. Ethical Issues, Patents, and Biopiracy
- Genetic modification of living organisms needs regulation because it can have unpredictable results in ecosystems.
- GEAC is the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee and makes decisions on the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM organisms for public services.
- The Indian Government set up GEAC for safety and regulatory decisions.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Applications of biotechnology in agriculture, medicine, transgenic animals, and ethical regulation
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