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Water Resources — Syllabus

Jammu & Kashmir Board · Class 12 · Geography

What Water Resources covers in Jammu & Kashmir Board Class 12 Geography: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Topics include Water Resources in India.

46 questions78 flashcards5 concepts

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A pie chart illustrating the distribution of water on Earth, showing the percentage of total water that is saltwater, freshwater, and then further breaking down freshwater into glaciers/ice caps, grou
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4 Topics · Jammu & Kashmir Board Class 12 Geography · 2026-27

Topics in Water Resources

1

Water Resources in India

  • Approximately 71 per cent of the earth's surface is covered with water.
  • Freshwater constitutes only about 3 per cent of total water.
  • India accounts for about 2.45 per cent of the world's surface area, 4 per cent of the world's water resources and more than 17 per cent of the world's population.
2

Surface Water Resources

  • Major sources of surface water are rivers, lakes, ponds and tanks.
  • There are about 10,360 rivers and their tributaries longer than 1.6 km each in India.
  • The mean annual flow in all river basins in India is estimated to be 1,869 cubic km.
3

Groundwater Resources

  • Total replenishable groundwater resources in the country are about 432 cubic km.
  • Groundwater utilisation is very high in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu.
  • Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Kerala utilise only a small proportion of their groundwater potential.
4

Water Demand and Irrigation

  • India has traditionally been an agrarian economy, so irrigation demand is very high.
  • Agriculture accounts for 89 per cent of surface water utilisation and 92 per cent of groundwater utilisation.
  • Industrial sector share is 2 per cent of surface water and 5 per cent of groundwater utilisation.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Water resources in India: availability, use, problems, conservation, and management

Global water distributionIndia’s water availabilitySurface water resourcesGroundwater resourcesWater demand and irrigationSectoral water usePollution and water qualityEnvironmental and legal response

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Water Resources for Jammu & Kashmir Board Class 12 Geography?
Key topics in Water Resources include Water Resources in India, Surface Water Resources, Groundwater Resources, Water Demand and Irrigation. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Jammu & Kashmir Board Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Water Resources for the Jammu & Kashmir Board Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 46 practice questions on Water Resources. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All Jammu & Kashmir Board Class 12 Geography Syllabus

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