Electricity

10 C

Step 1: Use the formula for electric current: I = Q/t, where I is current, Q is charge, and t is time. Step 2: Rearrange the formula to find charge: Q = I × t. Step 3: Substitute the given values: Q = 2 A × 5 s = 10 C. Step 4: This means 10 coulombs of electric charge flows through the conductor in 5 seconds. Step 5: This calculation is fundamental in understanding how much charge moves in electrical circuits, which is important for designing electrical systems and understanding their capacity.

Color of the conductor

Step 1: Resistance of a conductor depends on its physical and material properties that affect electron flow. Step 2: Length affects resistance - longer conductors have more resistance as electrons travel farther through the material. Step 3: Cross-sectional area affects resistance - larger area provides more paths for electrons, reducing resistance. Step 4: Material properties (resistivity) determine how easily electrons can move through the substance. Step 5: Color is purely cosmetic and doesn't affect the atomic structure or electron movement, so it has no impact on electrical resistance.

The entire circuit stops working

Step 1: In a series circuit, all components are connected in a single path, one after another. Step 2: Electric current must flow through each component in sequence to complete the circuit. Step 3: When one resistor burns out, it creates an open circuit (break in the path). Step 4: No current can flow through an open circuit, so all components stop working. Step 5: This is why old-style Christmas lights would all go out when one bulb failed - they were connected in series. Modern circuits often use parallel connections to avoid this problem.

Watt

Step 1: Electrical power represents the rate at which electrical energy is consumed or produced. Step 2: Power is measured in watts (W), named after Scottish inventor James Watt. Step 3: One watt equals one joule of energy consumed per second (1 W = 1 J/s). Step 4: Power can be calculated using P = V × I, where V is voltage and I is current. Step 5: Other units serve different purposes: Joule measures energy, Ampere measures current, and Volt measures potential difference. Understanding power is crucial for calculating electricity bills and choosing appropriate electrical appliances.