Morphology of Flowering Plants — Important Questions

Absorption of water and minerals, Anchorage of plant in soil, Conduction of absorbed materials, Storage of food in some plants

Roots perform multiple functions including absorption, anchorage, conduction, and storage. Photosynthesis is not a primary function of roots as they are usually non-green and underground.

Thorns in Bougainvillea, Phylloclade in Opuntia, Tendrils in Passiflora, Cladodes in Asparagus

Thorns, phylloclades, tendrils, and cladodes are all aerial stem modifications. Bulbs are underground stem modifications, not aerial.

Palmately compound

In palmately compound leaves, all leaflets are attached at the tip of the petiole, like fingers of a palm. In pinnately compound leaves, leaflets are arranged along the rachis (axis).

A complete flower has all four floral whorls, Zygomorphic flowers have bilateral symmetry, Actinomorphic flowers can be cut along any diameter to show mirror images, Monoecious plants have both male and female flowers on same plant

Complete flowers have calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. Zygomorphic flowers have bilateral symmetry, actinomorphic have radial symmetry. Not all flowers are bisexual; some are unisexual. Monoecious plants have both types on same plant.