Cell Division

RNA synthesis, Protein synthesis, Membrane synthesis

During G₁ phase, the cell performs RNA synthesis (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA), protein synthesis, and membrane synthesis. DNA replication occurs in S phase, and histone proteins are synthesized during S phase.

Sister chromatids separate, Chromosomes move to opposite poles, Spindle fibres contract and elongate

During anaphase, sister chromatids separate to form daughter chromosomes and move to opposite poles. This is achieved by contraction of kinetochore fibres and elongation of polar fibres. Nuclear membrane disappears in prophase, and chromosomes condense in prophase.

By cell plate formation

Plant cells form a cell plate that grows outward to divide the cell because they have a rigid cell wall. Animal cells form a cleavage furrow with contractile rings.

Reductional division

Meiosis is called reductional division because it reduces the chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n). Each daughter cell has half the chromosome number of the parent cell.