Cell Division — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Biology
25 flashcards for Cell Division (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Sample: "What is the cell cycle and what are.
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What is the cell cycle and what are its two main phases?
Answer
The cell cycle is the sequential events occurring in the life of a dividing cell. It has two main phases: Interphase (longest phase where cell grows and prepares for division) and M-phase (actual divi…
What are the three sub-phases of interphase and their main functions?
Answer
G₁-phase (First growth phase): RNA synthesis and protein synthesis. S-phase (Synthesis phase): DNA replication occurs, amount of DNA doubles. G₂-phase (Second growth phase): Nucleus increases in volum…
Define karyokinesis and cytokinesis.
Answer
Karyokinesis: Division of nucleus into two daughter nuclei. Cytokinesis: Division of cytoplasm resulting in two daughter cells. Together they complete the M-phase of cell division.
What are the three types of cell division and their characteristics?
Answer
1. Amitosis (Direct division): Simple, nucleus elongates and constricts, occurs in unicellular organisms and abnormal cells. 2. Mitosis (Indirect division): Produces two identical diploid cells, occur…
List the four phases of mitotic karyokinesis in order.
Answer
1. Prophase: Chromatin condenses, nuclear membrane disappears, centrioles migrate to poles. 2. Metaphase: Chromosomes align at equatorial plane (metaphase plate). 3. Anaphase: Sister chromatids separa…
What happens during prophase of mitosis?
Answer
Chromatin material condenses into visible chromosomes with sister chromatids joined by centromere. Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear. Centrioles migrate to opposite poles. Mitotic spindle appar…
Describe the metaphase plate and its significance.
Answer
The metaphase plate is the equatorial plane where all chromosomes align during metaphase. Chromosomes are completely condensed and appear very short. Each centromere divides horizontally, and spindle …
What is the difference between kinetochore fibers and polar fibers during anaphase?
Answer
Kinetochore fibers: Connect centrioles to centromeres, contract to pull daughter chromosomes to poles. Polar fibers: Extend between opposite centrioles, elongate to push the poles apart. Both work tog…
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