Plant Tissues and Anatomy
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Biology
Complete topic list for Plant Tissues and Anatomy in Maharashtra Board Class 11 Biology. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Plant Tissues and Anatomy
Meristematic Tissues
- Meristematic tissues are groups of young, actively dividing cells that retain their ability to divide throughout plant life
- Characteristics: Polyhedral/isodiametric shape, thin elastic cell walls made of cellulose, dense protoplasm with distinct nucleus, small or absent vacuoles, high metabolic rate
- Classification by Origin: Primordial (embryonic), Primary (from primordial), Secondary (from permanent tissues during later growth)
Simple Permanent Tissues
- Permanent tissues have lost the ability to divide and have acquired definite shape, size, and function
- PARENCHYMA: Thin-walled, living cells with large vacuoles; functions include storage, photosynthesis, gaseous exchange; can dedifferentiate to form cambium
- COLLENCHYMA: Living mechanical tissue with unevenly thickened cellulosic walls; provides flexibility and support to young stems and petioles; absent in monocot roots
Complex Permanent Tissues
- Complex tissues are made of different types of cells working together as a single unit
- XYLEM (Wood/Hadrome): Dead tissue conducting water and minerals upward; provides mechanical support
- Xylem components: Tracheids (elongated, tapering ends), Vessels (wider lumen, perforated end walls), Xylem parenchyma (living, storage), Xylem fibers (mechanical support)
Tissue Systems
- Three tissue systems based on position and function: Epidermal, Ground, and Vascular
- EPIDERMAL SYSTEM: Outermost protective layer derived from protoderm
- Epidermis features: Single layer, compactly arranged, waxy cuticle, stomata with guard cells
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