Elements of Group 13, 14 and 15 — Chapter Summary
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Chemistry
Summary of Elements of Group 13, 14 and 15 for Maharashtra Board Class 11 Chemistry. Part of the Maharashtra Board Class 11 Chemistry syllabus.
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Overview
The p-block elements of groups 13, 14, and 15 represent the boron family, carbon family, and nitrogen family respectively. These elements show diverse properties ranging from non-metals to metals as we move down each group. Their outer electronic configurations ns²np¹, ns²np², and ns²np³ respectivel
Key Concepts
Group 13 elements have ns²np¹
Group 13 elements have ns²np¹, group 14 have ns²np², and group 15 have ns²np³ configuration. Atomic radius increases down the group, but Ga has smalle
Group oxidation states are +3
Group oxidation states are +3, +4, and +5 for groups 13, 14, and 15 respectively. Lower oxidation states (+1 for group 13, +2 for group 14, +3 for gro
Reaction with oxygen
Reaction with oxygen: Group 13 forms E₂O₃, group 14 forms EO and EO₂, group 15 forms E₂O₃ and E₂O₅. Oxide nature changes from acidic to basic down eac
Catenation is self
Catenation is self-linking of atoms by covalent bonds. Carbon shows maximum catenation (C-C bond: 348 kJ/mol) followed by Si > Ge = Sn. Carbon allotro
BCl₃ has trigonal planar structure
BCl₃ has trigonal planar structure with incomplete octet. AlCl₃ exists as dimer Al₂Cl₆. B₂H₆ has unique 3-center-2-electron bonds (banana bonds). SiO₂
Learning Objectives
- Understand the electronic configurations and trends in atomic properties of group 13, 14, and 15 elements
- Learn the oxidation states exhibited by these elements and the concept of inert pair effect
- Study the chemical properties including reactions with air, water, and halogens
- Explore the phenomenon of catenation and allotropy with focus on carbon and phosphorus
- Analyze molecular structures of important compounds using VSEOT and hybridization
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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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