Elements of Group 13, 14 and 15 — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Chemistry
20 flashcards for Elements of Group 13, 14 and 15 (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is the general electronic configuration of Group 13, 14, and 15 elements?
Answer
Group 13: ns²np¹ (Boron family) Group 14: ns²np² (Carbon family) Group 15: ns²np³ (Nitrogen family) Example: Al (Group 13): [Ne]3s²3p¹ Si (Group 14): [Ne]3s²3p² P (Group 15): [Ne]3s²3p³…
Why is the atomic radius of Gallium (Ga) smaller than that of Aluminium (Al)?
Answer
This is due to the d-block contraction. Between Al and Ga, 10 d-electrons are added in the 3d subshell. d-electrons provide poor shielding effect, so the increased nuclear charge (+18) is not effectiv…
What is the inert pair effect and how does it affect oxidation states in p-block elements?
Answer
The inert pair effect refers to the reluctance of the ns² electrons to participate in bonding in heavier p-block elements. This occurs because: 1. Poor shielding by inner d-electrons 2. ns² electrons …
Compare the oxidation states of Group 13, 14, and 15 elements with examples.
Answer
Group 13: +3 (common), +1 (heavier elements) Examples: BF₃, AlCl₃, TlCl (Tl¹⁺ more stable) Group 14: +4 (lighter), +2 (heavier), -4 (with metals) Examples: CO₂, SiCl₄, SnCl₂, PbCl₂, CH₄ Group 15: +5…
What is catenation? Which element shows maximum catenation and why?
Answer
Catenation is the ability of atoms to form chains and rings by linking with atoms of the same element through covalent bonds. Carbon shows maximum catenation because: 1. Strong C-C bonds (348 kJ mol⁻…
Describe the structure and properties of diamond.
Answer
Structure: - Each carbon is sp³ hybridized - Tetrahedral arrangement with C-C bond length = 154 pm - 3D network solid with strong covalent bonds throughout Properties: - Hardest natural substance - H…
Explain the structure and properties of graphite.
Answer
Structure: - sp² hybridized carbon atoms - Hexagonal layers with C-C bond length = 141.5 pm - Layer separation = 335 pm (weak van der Waals forces) - Delocalized π electrons in each layer Properties:…
What are fullerenes? Describe C₆₀ structure and properties.
Answer
Fullerenes are cage-like carbon molecules with definite numbers of carbon atoms. C₆₀ (Buckminsterfullerene): - Soccer ball structure - 20 hexagonal + 12 pentagonal rings - Two different C-C bond leng…
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