Thermodynamics — Important Questions
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Physics
45 important questions from Thermodynamics for Maharashtra Board Class 12 Physics, with answers. Includes multiple choice and multiple correct questions.
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Important Questions from Thermodynamics
Which of the following are characteristics of an adiabatic process? (Select all correct)
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No heat exchange with surroundings, Q = 0, PVᵞ = constant, ΔU = -W
In adiabatic process: (1) System is thermally isolated, so Q = 0, (2) Equation of state is PVᵞ = constant, (3) From first law: ΔU = Q - W = 0 - W = -W, (4) Temperature changes during adiabatic process.
Which statements about the first law of thermodynamics are correct? (Select all correct)
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ΔU = Q - W, Energy cannot be created or destroyed, Heat and work are equivalent forms of energy, Q = ΔU + W
First law states: ΔU = Q - W or Q = ΔU + W. It's a statement of energy conservation. Heat and work are interconvertible. However, complete conversion of heat to work is impossible (second law limitation).
A system absorbs 500 J of heat and does 300 J of work. What is the change in internal energy?
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200 J
Using first law: ΔU = Q - W. Given: Q = +500 J (heat absorbed), W = +300 J (work done by system). Therefore: ΔU = 500 - 300 = 200 J. Internal energy increases by 200 J.
The coefficient of performance of a refrigerator is defined as:
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Qc/W
Coefficient of Performance (CoP) = Qc/W, where Qc is heat extracted from cold reservoir and W is work input. It measures how much heat can be extracted per unit work input.
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