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Real Numbers — Syllabus

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 10 · Mathematics

What Real Numbers covers in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Mathematics: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Topics include Euclid's Division Algorithm.

116 questions50 flashcards11 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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A Venn diagram illustrating the classification of real numbers into rational and irrational numbers, with further subdivisions for rational numbers (integers, whole numbers, natural numbers).
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4 Topics · Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Mathematics · 2026-27

Topics in Real Numbers

1

Euclid's Division Algorithm

  • Euclid's division algorithm is used mainly to compute the HCF of two positive integers.
  • It states that any positive integer a can be divided by another positive integer b in such a way that it leaves a remainder r that is smaller than b.
  • This is the usual long division process.
2

Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

  • Every composite number can be expressed as a product of primes, and this factorisation is unique apart from the order in which the prime factors occur.
  • The theorem concerns composite numbers, not prime numbers.
  • Prime factorisation is written in ascending order when a number is expressed as a product of primes.
3

HCF and LCM by Prime Factorisation

  • The HCF of two numbers is found by taking the smallest power of each common prime factor.
  • The LCM of two numbers is found by taking the greatest power of each prime factor involved.
  • For two positive integers a and b, HCF(a, b) x LCM(a, b) = a x b.
4

Irrational Numbers and Irrationality Proofs

  • A number s is irrational if it cannot be written in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and q is not zero.
  • Examples of irrational numbers include square root of 2, square root of 3, square root of 15, pi, minus square root of 2 divided by square root of 3, and 0.10110111011110...
  • The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic is used to prove irrationality of square root of 2, square root of 3 and square root of 5.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Real Numbers

Euclid's Division AlgorithmFundamental Theorem of ArithmeticPrime FactorisationHCF and LCMIrrational NumbersProof by ContradictionDecimal Expansion of Rational NumbersSquare Root Irrationality Results

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Real Numbers for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Mathematics?
Key topics in Real Numbers include Euclid's Division Algorithm, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, HCF and LCM by Prime Factorisation, Irrational Numbers and Irrationality Proofs. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 board exam.
How should I revise Real Numbers for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 116 practice questions on Real Numbers. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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