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Syllabus

Circles — Syllabus

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 10 · Mathematics

What Circles covers in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Mathematics: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Topics include Positions of a Line with Respect.

133 questions56 flashcards4 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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An illustration comparing the three possible positions of a line relative to a circle: non-intersecting, secant, and tangent.
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4 Topics · Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Mathematics · 2026-27

Topics in Circles

1

1. Positions of a Line with Respect to a Circle

  • A line with no common point with a circle is a non-intersecting line.
  • A line with two common points with a circle is a secant.
  • A line with exactly one common point with a circle is a tangent.
2

2. Theorem 10.1: Tangent is Perpendicular to Radius

  • The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
  • If XY is tangent to the circle at P and O is the centre, then OP ⟂ XY.
  • Take any point Q on XY other than P. Q lies outside the circle.
3

3. Number of Tangents from a Point

  • Case 1: There is no tangent to a circle passing through a point lying inside the circle.
  • Case 2: There is one and only one tangent to a circle passing through a point lying on the circle.
  • Case 3: There are exactly two tangents to a circle through a point lying outside the circle.
4

4. Theorem 10.2: Equal Tangents from an External Point

  • The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
  • If two tangents PQ and PR are drawn from an external point P, then PQ = PR.
  • In the proof, OQ and OR are radii, so OQ = OR.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Circles and Tangents

Basic positions of a line with a circleTangent propertiesTangents from points relative to a circleTheorem 10.2Applications and examplesHistorical note

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Circles for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Mathematics?
Key topics in Circles include Positions of a Line with Respect to a Circle, Theorem 10.1: Tangent is Perpendicular to Radius, Number of Tangents from a Point, Theorem 10.2: Equal Tangents from an External Point. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 board exam.
How should I revise Circles for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 133 practice questions on Circles. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Mathematics Syllabus

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