Climate

In the beginning of winter, the north-east monsoon crossing the Bay of Bengal picks up moisture and brings torrential rainfall to the Tamil Nadu coast.

The chapter says areas receiving less than 75 cm rainfall cover about two-thirds of India.

In south India, the sea moderates the climate, so both the diurnal range and annual range are less, and temperatures stay high throughout the year. Therefore, the statement that is not true is that extreme climatic conditions are found here.

When the sun shines vertically over the Tropic of Capricorn, it is winter in north India, so the northern plain has feeble high pressure and winds blow from northwest toward the sea. The matching idea from the chapter about summer heat is not this situation. The correct phenomenon associated with the winter season described in the chapter is the development of high pressure over north-western India, but since that exact option is not listed as a positive effect of Capricorn sunshine, the intended textbook answer among the given choices is the one about low pressure due to high temperatures only if interpreting the question as the seasonal contrast. However, the chapter states that by 22 December high pressure prevails over north-western India due to low temperatures. So among the printed options, none states this exactly.

The chapter defines the ITCZ as a low pressure zone located at the equator where trade winds converge and air tends to ascend.