Chemical Kinetics
Punjab Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
Complete topic list for Chemical Kinetics in Punjab Board Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Chemical Kinetics
Rate of a Chemical Reaction
- Rate of reaction = change in concentration of reactant or product per unit time
- Rate of disappearance of reactant R: rate = -Δ[R]/Δt (negative sign because concentration decreases)
- Rate of appearance of product P: rate = +Δ[P]/Δt (positive because concentration increases)
Rate Law, Rate Constant and Order of Reaction
- Rate law (rate expression) relates the rate of a reaction to the concentration of reactants
- For aA + bB → cC + dD: Rate = k[A]ˣ[B]ʸ where x and y are determined experimentally
- x and y may or may not be equal to stoichiometric coefficients a and b
Molecularity of a Reaction
- Molecularity = number of reacting species (atoms, ions, molecules) that must collide simultaneously in an elementary reaction
- Molecularity is defined ONLY for elementary reactions, NOT for complex reactions
- Unimolecular: 1 species involved — e.g., NH₄NO₂ → N₂ + 2H₂O
Integrated Rate Equations
- Integrated rate equations relate concentration to time directly — easier to use than differential equations
- ZERO ORDER: Rate = k[R]⁰ = k (rate is constant, independent of concentration)
- Zero order integrated equation: [R] = [R]₀ - kt
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