Respiration

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Respiration is the whole chain of processes from the inhalation of air to the use of oxygen in the cells. The term 'respiration' is derived from the Latin word 'respire' meaning 'to breathe'. It leads…

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Lavoisier and Priestley did comprehensive work on properties of gases, their exchange and respiration in the 18th century. Lavoisier concluded that respirable air (O₂) is changed to fixed air (CO₂) in…

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1. Breathing - Air movement into and out of lungs 2. Gaseous exchange in lungs - Exchange between alveoli and blood 3. Gas transport by blood - Oxygen and CO₂ transport 4. Gaseous exchange at tissue l…

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Nostrils → Nasal cavity → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli. Each part has specific functions: nasal cavity filters air, pharynx is common passage, larynx contains vocal cor…

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Epiglottis is a flap-like muscular valve that controls the movement of food and air towards their respective passages. During swallowing, it closes partially to deflect food to the stomach and keep it…

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Inhalation: Diaphragm contracts and flattens, chest wall moves up and expands, increasing chest cavity volume, decreasing internal pressure, causing air to rush in. Exhalation: Diaphragm relaxes to do…

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Inhaled air: Oxygen 21%, CO₂ 0.03%, Nitrogen 78% Exhaled air: Oxygen 16%, CO₂ 4.4%, Nitrogen 78% This shows that oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is produced during respiration. Nitrogen remains …

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Alveoli are tiny air sacs surrounded by blood capillaries, both only one cell thick. Deoxygenated blood flows through capillaries and collects oxygen from alveoli by diffusion. Simultaneously, carbon …