Excretion

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Excretion is the biological process of separation and removal of wastes or non-useful products from the body. It includes the removal of nitrogenous wastes, excess salts, water, carbon dioxide, and ot…

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Excretion is necessary because waste materials can become harmful if they remain in the body. Removal of wastes helps maintain a proper water balance, salt balance, and internal stability of the body.

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The main waste products include carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, urea, uric acid, bile pigments, and excess salts.

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Ammonia is the most poisonous waste product of metabolism. It must be removed quickly or converted into a less harmful form such as urea.

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The human excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra.

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Human kidneys are pair of bean-shaped, reddish brown organs. Each kidney is about 10 cm long, 5 to 6 cm broad, and 4 cm thick. The outer side is convex and the inner side is concave.

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The right kidney is positioned lower because the liver occupies the right side of the abdominal cavity.

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The hilum is the fissure on the inner side of the kidney through which the renal artery enters, the renal vein leaves, and the ureter is connected.