Emerging Political Trends 1977 to 2000

No single party could form government alone, Multiple parties had to work together, Common minimum programmes were needed, Policy paralysis sometimes occurred

Coalition politics meant no single party had majority, requiring cooperation, common programs, but sometimes causing instability and policy delays.

Chandigarh as Punjab's capital, More water from Bhakra Nangal dam, Greater recruitment of Sikhs in army, More powers to states

Punjab agitation focused on state rights, water sharing, Chandigarh status, and Sikh representation, not separatism initially.

Golden Temple

Operation Blue Star was the military operation conducted at the Golden Temple in 1984 to remove Sikh militants who had occupied the premises.

V.P. Singh

V.P. Singh's government implemented Mandal Commission recommendations in 1990, providing 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs).