Biogeochemical cycles — Flashcards
Telangana Board · Class 9 · Biology
20 flashcards for Biogeochemical cycles (Telangana Board Class 9 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What are biogeochemical cycles and why are they important for ecosystems?
Answer
Biogeochemical cycles are natural pathways that involve the flow of nutrients essential for living cells from the environment to organisms and back through biological, geological, and chemical process…
Water Cycle (Hydrological Cycle)
Answer
The continuous process by which water evaporates from water bodies, condenses in the atmosphere, falls as precipitation (rain, snow), and returns to water bodies through rivers, groundwater, and other…
What is nitrogen fixation and which organisms perform it?
Answer
Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into compounds that plants can use, such as ammonia and nitrates. It is performed by: 1) Symbiotic bacteria like Rhizobium in r…
Nitrification
Answer
The two-step process where ammonia is converted to nitrites and then to nitrates by soil bacteria. Step 1: Nitrosomonas bacteria convert ammonia to nitrites (NO₂⁻). Step 2: Nitrobacter bacteria conver…
Compare photosynthesis and respiration in the carbon cycle.
Answer
Photosynthesis: Plants use CO₂ from atmosphere + water + sunlight to produce glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), removing CO₂ from atmosphere. Respiration: All living organisms break down glucose for energy, releasing…
What is the greenhouse effect and how does it relate to the carbon cycle?
Answer
The greenhouse effect is the natural warming of Earth's surface caused by greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄, H₂O vapor) trapping heat from the sun, similar to how glass traps heat in a greenhouse. CO₂ from t…
Denitrification
Answer
The process by which denitrifying bacteria in waterlogged soils convert nitrates (NO₃⁻) back to atmospheric nitrogen gas (N₂), completing the nitrogen cycle. This occurs when soil lacks oxygen, and ba…
A farmer notices that his wheat crop is not growing well despite adequate water and sunlight. Soil testing shows very low nitrogen content. What biological solution can you suggest?
Answer
The farmer should grow leguminous crops (like pea, beans, or pulses) in rotation with wheat. Leguminous plants have symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria in their root nodules that fix atmospheric nitrogen int…
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