Industrialisation and Social Change
Telangana Board · Class 9 · Social Studies
Complete topic list for Industrialisation and Social Change in Telangana Board Class 9 Social Studies. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Industrialisation and Social Change
Why Britain? - Preconditions for Industrial Revolution
- Political stability and unified market: England, Wales, and Scotland unified under one monarchy with common laws, taxation, and currency
- Agricultural Revolution (1600-1800): Large landlords enclosed common lands, forced peasants to move to towns for work
- Growing towns and trade networks: 11 British towns doubled in population between 1750-1800, London became global trade hub
Technological Developments - Coal, Iron, and Steel
- Problem with traditional iron-making: Charcoal was fragile, couldn't generate high temperatures, and forests were depleting
- Abraham Darby I (1709): Invented blast furnace using coke (coal with impurities removed) instead of charcoal
- Abraham Darby II: Developed wrought-iron from pig-iron, which was less brittle
Textile Industry Revolution
- Historical context: Britain imported expensive cotton cloth from India, later began importing raw cotton
- Initial problem: Spinning was slow - 1 weaver needed yarn from 10 spinners (mostly women)
- Technological innovations bridged the gap between spinning and weaving speeds
Steam Power and Transportation Revolution
- Early use: Steam engines first used to drain water from deeper mines
- James Watt (1775): Improved steam engine, converted it from pump to 'prime mover' for factories
- Partnership with Matthew Boulton: Established Soho Foundry in Birmingham for mass production
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