Money
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Economics
Quick revision notes for Money — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Economics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
Concept and Evolution of Money
- Money is anything widely accepted as a medium of exchange for goods and services.
- The term 'money' comes from the Roman goddess Juno Moneta, where coins were first minted.
- In early societies, people used the barter system—direct exchange of goods for goods.
Barter System and Its Inconveniences
- Barter system means exchanging goods directly without using money.
- Still practiced in some villages, especially in agricultural communities.
- Main problems include lack of double coincidence of wants, storage issues, and no common measure of value.
Types of Money
- Money is broadly classified into metallic and paper money.
- Commodity money has intrinsic value equal to face value (e.g., gold coins).
- Representative money has higher face value than intrinsic value (e.g., paper notes).
Functions of Money
- Primary functions: Medium of exchange and measure of value.
- Secondary functions: Store of value, standard of deferred payments, transfer of value.
- Contingent functions: Distribution of national income, equalization of marginal utility, basis of credit, liquidity.
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