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Public Finance And Budget

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Economics

Quick revision notes for Public Finance And Budget — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Economics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

44 questions30 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Concept and Components of Public Finance

  • Public finance deals with the income and expenditure of public authorities like central, state, and local governments.
  • It includes three main components: public revenue, public expenditure, and public debt.
  • Modern governments use public finance to transform from a police state to a welfare state.
2

Public Revenue: Tax and Non-Tax Sources

  • Public revenue is classified into tax revenue and non-tax revenue.
  • Tax revenue includes direct taxes (like income tax) and indirect taxes (like GST, excise duty).
  • Non-tax revenue includes administrative fees, commercial profits (from PSUs), loans, and grants-in-aid.
3

Public Expenditure and Public Debt

  • Public expenditure refers to government spending on infrastructure, welfare, salaries, subsidies, etc.
  • It boosts income and employment in the economy.
  • Public debt arises when government spending exceeds revenue and borrowing becomes necessary.
4

Centre-State Financial Relations and Federal Finance

  • India follows a federal system where financial powers are divided between Centre and States.
  • The Constitution (Articles 268–281) defines tax powers: Centre taxes on corporations, customs; States on sales, land, vehicles.
  • States are financially dependent, so Centre provides grants-in-aid and shares tax revenue.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Public revenue refers to the incomeThis is the money spent byWhen government spending exceeds incomeIn India’s federal systemA constitutional body formed every 5

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Public Finance And Budget for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Economics?
Public Finance And Budget covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Public Finance And Budget — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Economics?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 44 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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