Pre-history And Proto History: Foundation Of Societies In Ancient India - Indus Valley Civilization: The Emergence Of First Cities
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · History
Summary of Pre-history And Proto History: Foundation Of Societies In Ancient India - Indus Valley Civilization: The Emergence Of First Cities for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 History. Key concepts, important points, and chapter overview.
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Overview
This chapter explores the early development of human societies in ancient India, from the earliest stone age cultures to the rise of the first urban civilization—the Indus Valley Civilization. It traces how humans evolved from food gatherers to food producers, developed tools, agriculture, and potte
Key Concepts
The Stone Age is divided into
The Stone Age is divided into three phases: Palaeolithic (Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), and Neolithic (New Stone Age). Each stage sho
Also known as the Copper
Also known as the Copper-Stone Age, this period saw the use of both stone and copper tools. People began smelting copper ore to make tools and weapons
A Bronze Age civilization (3300
A Bronze Age civilization (3300–1300 BCE) that flourished along the Indus River and its tributaries. Major cities include Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Dholav
Harappan cities followed a grid pattern
Harappan cities followed a grid pattern with streets crossing at right angles. Houses were built with burnt bricks and connected to a covered drainage
The Harappans traded with distant regions
The Harappans traded with distant regions using seals made of steatite. These seals had undeciphered symbols, believed to be their script, along with
Learning Objectives
- Understand human life during the Stone Ages and the transition to civilization
- Explain the development of early cultures and technological advancements
- Identify the characteristic features of the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods
- Describe the transition from stone to metal use in the Chalcolithic period
- Highlight the emergence of the first cities in India through the Indus Valley Civilization
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