Simple Harmonic Motion

Periodic motion repeats after equal time

Periodic motion repeats after equal time intervals (e.g., Earth's orbit). Oscillatory motion is a to-and-fro movement about a mean position (e.g., pen

SHM occurs when the restoring force

SHM occurs when the restoring force is directly proportional to displacement and opposite in direction: F = -kx. This leads to acceleration a = -ω²x,

SHM can be visualized as

SHM can be visualized as the projection of uniform circular motion onto a diameter. A particle moving in a circle with constant angular speed casts a

In SHM

In SHM, total energy remains constant. Kinetic energy is maximum at the mean position and zero at extremes. Potential energy is maximum at extremes an

Damped oscillations lose energy due

Damped oscillations lose energy due to friction or drag, causing amplitude to decrease over time. Forced oscillations occur when an external periodic