JEE Main Important Formulas — Physics, Chemistry & Maths
Important JEE Main formulas for Physics, Chemistry and Maths on one page — kinematics to calculus — plus tips to memorise and revise them before the exam.
This is your complete JEE Main formula sheet — organised by subject and chapter, covering the most frequently tested formulas. Bookmark this page for quick revision. Focus on high-weightage chapters first.
Physics Formulas
Kinematics
| Formula | Description |
|---|---|
| v = u + at | Final velocity |
| s = ut + ½at² | Displacement |
| v² = u² + 2as | Velocity-displacement relation |
| s = ½(u + v)t | Average velocity method |
| Projectile: R = u²sin2θ/g | Range of projectile |
| H = u²sin²θ/2g | Maximum height |
| T = 2usinθ/g | Time of flight |
Laws of Motion & Friction
| Formula | Description |
|---|---|
| F = ma | Newton's second law |
| f = μN | Friction force |
| F = dp/dt | Force as rate of change of momentum |
| a = v²/r = ω²r | Centripetal acceleration |
Work, Energy & Power
| Formula | Description |
|---|---|
| W = F·d·cosθ | Work done |
| KE = ½mv² | Kinetic energy |
| PE = mgh | Gravitational potential energy |
| PE = ½kx² | Elastic potential energy |
| P = W/t = F·v | Power |
| e = relative vel. of separation / relative vel. of approach | Coefficient of restitution |
Electrostatics
| Formula | Description |
|---|---|
| F = kq₁q₂/r² | Coulomb's law (k = 9 × 10⁹) |
| E = kq/r² | Electric field due to point charge |
| V = kq/r | Electric potential |
| C = εA/d | Parallel plate capacitor |
| U = ½CV² = Q²/2C | Energy stored in capacitor |
| Series: 1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ | Capacitors in series |
| Parallel: C = C₁ + C₂ | Capacitors in parallel |
Current Electricity
| Formula | Description |
|---|---|
| V = IR | Ohm's law |
| R = ρL/A | Resistance |
| P = VI = I²R = V²/R | Electrical power |
| Series: R = R₁ + R₂ | Resistors in series |
| Parallel: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ | Resistors in parallel |
| EMF = V + Ir | EMF of cell with internal resistance |
Optics
| Formula | Description |
|---|---|
| 1/v + 1/u = 1/f | Mirror formula |
| 1/v − 1/u = 1/f | Thin lens formula |
| m = −v/u (mirror), m = v/u (lens) | Magnification |
| P = 1/f (in metres) | Power of lens (in dioptres) |
| n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂ | Snell's law |
| sinC = 1/n | Critical angle for TIR |
| fringe width β = λD/d | Young's double slit |
Modern Physics
| Formula | Description |
|---|---|
| E = hf = hc/λ | Photon energy |
| KEmax = hf − φ | Photoelectric equation |
| λ = h/mv | de Broglie wavelength |
| 1/λ = R(1/n₁² − 1/n₂²) | Hydrogen spectrum |
| E = mc² | Mass-energy equivalence |
| Eₙ = −13.6/n² eV | Energy levels of hydrogen (Bohr model) |
| BE = Δm·c² | Binding energy from mass defect |
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Physical Chemistry
| Formula | Description |
|---|---|
| n = mass/molar mass | Number of moles |
| PV = nRT | Ideal gas equation (R = 8.314 J/mol·K) |
| ΔG = ΔH − TΔS | Gibbs free energy |
| ΔG° = −nFE°cell | Electrochemistry |
| E°cell = E°cathode − E°anode | Standard cell potential |
| Nernst: E = E° − (RT/nF)lnQ | Cell potential at non-standard conditions |
| k = Ae^(−Ea/RT) | Arrhenius equation |
| t½ = 0.693/k (first order) | Half-life for first order reaction |
| pH = −log[H⁺] | pH definition |
| Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴ | Ionic product of water (at 25 °C) |
| ΔTb = Kb·m·i | Boiling point elevation |
| ΔTf = Kf·m·i | Freezing point depression |
| π = iCRT | Osmotic pressure |
Inorganic Chemistry — Key Facts
| Concept | Key Formula/Fact |
|---|---|
| Effective nuclear charge | Zeff = Z − σ (Slater's rules) |
| Born-Haber cycle | Lattice energy from thermochemical data |
| Crystal field splitting | Δo (octahedral) > Δt (tetrahedral); Δt ≈ 4/9 Δo |
| Coordination number | CN 4: tetrahedral/square planar; CN 6: octahedral |
| Magnetic moment | μ = √(n(n+2)) BM (n = unpaired electrons) |
Organic Chemistry — Key Reactions
| Reaction | Type/Use |
|---|---|
| Markovnikov's Rule | H adds to C with more H's in HX addition |
| Anti-Markovnikov (Peroxide effect) | HBr addition with peroxide gives anti-Markovnikov product |
| Saytzeff Rule | More substituted alkene is major product in elimination |
| Grignard: RMgX + CO₂ → RCOOH | Carboxylic acid synthesis (after acid hydrolysis) |
| Aldol Condensation | Aldehydes with α-H + dilute NaOH → β-hydroxy aldehyde |
| Cannizzaro | Aldehydes without α-H + conc. NaOH → acid + alcohol |
| Williamson Synthesis | R-ONa + R'-X → R-O-R' (ether synthesis) |
| SN1 vs SN2 | SN1: 3° > 2° > 1°; SN2: 1° > 2° > 3° (methyl fastest) |
Mathematics Formulas
Algebra
| Formula | Description |
|---|---|
| Quadratic: x = (−b ± √(b²−4ac))/2a | Roots of ax² + bx + c = 0 |
| Sum of roots = −b/a, Product = c/a | Vieta's formulas |
| AP: aₙ = a + (n−1)d, Sₙ = n/2(2a + (n−1)d) | Arithmetic progression |
| GP: aₙ = arⁿ⁻¹, Sₙ = a(rⁿ−1)/(r−1) | Geometric progression |
| S∞ = a/(1−r) when |r| < 1 | Infinite GP sum |
| ⁿCᵣ = n!/(r!(n−r)!) | Combinations |
| (a+b)ⁿ = Σ ⁿCᵣ aⁿ⁻ʳ bʳ | Binomial theorem |
| log(ab) = log a + log b | Logarithm product rule |
Trigonometry
| Formula | Description |
|---|---|
| sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 | Fundamental identity |
| sin(A±B) = sinAcosB ± cosAsinB | Compound angle |
| cos(A±B) = cosAcosB ∓ sinAsinB | Compound angle |
| sin2A = 2sinAcosA | Double angle |
| cos2A = cos²A − sin²A = 2cos²A − 1 | Double angle |
| tan2A = 2tanA/(1 − tan²A) | Double angle |
| sin⁻¹x + cos⁻¹x = π/2 | Inverse trigonometric identity (−1 ≤ x ≤ 1) |
Calculus
| Formula | Description |
|---|---|
| d/dx(xⁿ) = nxⁿ⁻¹ | Power rule |
| d/dx(eˣ) = eˣ | Exponential derivative |
| d/dx(ln x) = 1/x | Log derivative |
| d/dx(sin x) = cos x | Trig derivative |
| d/dx(cos x) = −sin x | Trig derivative |
| Product rule: (uv)' = u'v + uv' | Product rule |
| Chain rule: dy/dx = dy/du · du/dx | Chain rule |
| ∫xⁿdx = xⁿ⁺¹/(n+1) + C | Power rule integration |
| ∫eˣdx = eˣ + C | Exponential integral |
| ∫(1/x)dx = ln|x| + C | Log integral |
| Area = ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx | Area under curve |
Coordinate Geometry
| Formula | Description |
|---|---|
| Distance = √((x₂−x₁)² + (y₂−y₁)²) | Distance between points |
| Midpoint = ((x₁+x₂)/2, (y₁+y₂)/2) | Midpoint formula |
| Slope m = (y₂−y₁)/(x₂−x₁) | Slope of line |
| y − y₁ = m(x − x₁) | Point-slope form |
| x²/a² + y²/b² = 1 | Ellipse equation |
| x²/a² − y²/b² = 1 | Hyperbola equation |
| y² = 4ax | Parabola equation |
| (x−h)² + (y−k)² = r² | Circle with centre (h,k) |
Vectors & 3D Geometry
| Formula | Description |
|---|---|
| |a⃗| = √(x² + y² + z²) | Magnitude of vector |
| a⃗ · b⃗ = |a||b|cosθ | Dot product |
| |a⃗ × b⃗| = |a||b|sinθ | Cross product magnitude |
| Direction cosines: l² + m² + n² = 1 | Direction cosine property |
How to Use This Formula Sheet
- Print or bookmark this page. Review it every morning for 15 minutes.
- After reading each formula, solve 2–3 problems using it. Reading alone does not build memory.
- Create your own handwritten sheets. The act of writing reinforces memory better than typing or reading.
- On exam day: Write 15–20 key formulas on your rough sheet in the first 2 minutes. This "brain dump" prevents forgetting under pressure.
Formulas chosen to match NTA's official JEE Main 2026 syllabus (NCERT Class 11 & 12). Some symbols simplified for readability; lens and mirror formulas use the Cartesian sign convention. For complete derivations, refer to NCERT textbooks. NTA may update the syllabus for 2027.
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How many formulas should I memorise for JEE Main?
There is no official number, but expect a few hundred key formulas across Physics, Chemistry and Maths. Not all formulas carry equal weight — focus on high-weightage chapters first. Many formulas are derived from base formulas, so understanding derivations reduces the memory load. Aim to memorise the base formulas and derive the rest.
How to memorise JEE Main formulas effectively?
Best methods: (1) Write formulas by hand — writing activates motor memory, (2) Use spaced repetition — revise Day 1, Day 3, Day 7, Day 14, (3) Solve problems using the formula immediately after learning it, (4) Create formula sheets chapter-wise and review before sleep, (5) Group related formulas (e.g., all kinematics equations together), (6) Understand the derivation — derived formulas are easier to recall.
Which Physics formulas are most important for JEE Main?
Top priority: Kinematics (v = u + at, s = ut + ½at²), Newton's Laws (F = ma), Work-Energy (KE = ½mv²), Electrostatics (Coulomb's law, E = kq/r²), Current Electricity (V = IR, P = VI), Optics (mirror formula 1/v + 1/u = 1/f, lens formula 1/v − 1/u = 1/f), Modern Physics (E = hf, photoelectric equation). By estimates from past papers, these chapters make up a large share of Physics questions.
Are formula sheets allowed in JEE Main?
No. You cannot carry any formula sheets, notes, or reference material into the JEE Main exam hall. Everything must be memorised. Calculators in any form are not allowed either. You get rough sheets at the centre for calculations — once the exam starts, you can jot key formulas on the rough sheet as a memory aid.
Should I memorise derivations for JEE Main?
You do not need to write derivations in JEE Main (it is MCQ-based). However, understanding derivations helps you: (1) derive formulas if you forget them, (2) solve conceptual questions that test understanding, (3) handle modified/twisted questions. Memorise final formulas + understand the key steps of derivation.
How to revise formulas on the day before JEE Main?
Day before exam: (1) Read through your formula sheets (do not learn new formulas), (2) Focus on formulas you frequently forget, (3) Write the top 30 most-used formulas from memory, (4) Do NOT solve hard problems — just revise, (5) Sleep well. On exam day: jot key formulas on the rough sheet in the first 2 minutes after the exam starts.