Descriptive Statistics
CBSE · Class 11 · Applied Mathematics
Quick revision notes for Descriptive Statistics — CBSE Class 11 Applied Mathematics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
Types of Data and Data Sources
- Data is plural - always refers to a group of numbers; one piece of information is called a datum
- Primary data: Collected directly from the field or individuals through surveys, observations, case studies
- Secondary data: Obtained from already collected sources like records, databases, reports
Data Measurement Scales
- Nominal Scale: Categories with no natural order (e.g., gender, religion, subjects taught)
- Ordinal Scale: Categories that can be ranked but differences between ranks are not uniform (e.g., performance ratings: poor, average, good)
- Interval Scale: Equal intervals between consecutive values, can have negative values (e.g., temperature, coordinates)
Data Representation and Visualization
- Bar Graph: Rectangular bars with equal width, used for categorical data comparison
- Pie Chart: Circular chart divided into sectors, shows parts of a whole (360° total)
- Line Graph: Connects data points with lines, typically shows changes over time
Measures of Central Tendency
- Mean: Arithmetic average, affected by all values including outliers
- Median: Middle value when data is arranged in order, not affected by outliers
- Mode: Most frequently occurring value in the dataset
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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