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Comparative Development Experiences of India and its Neighbours

CBSE · Class 11 · Economics

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Key Topics to Revise

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1. Development Paths and Political Background

  • India became independent in 1947 and adopted a secular, liberal democratic Constitution.
  • Pakistan became independent in 1947 and developed a militarist political power structure.
  • China was established as the People's Republic of China in 1949 under one-party rule and a command economy.
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2. China: Early Policies, Crisis, and Reforms

  • After the establishment of the People's Republic of China under one-party rule, all critical sectors of the economy, enterprises, and lands owned and operated by individuals were brought under governm
  • The Great Leap Forward campaign was initiated in 1958 to industrialise the country on a massive scale.
  • Backyard industries were encouraged during the Great Leap Forward.
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3. Pakistan: Policies and Reform Experience

  • Pakistan follows a mixed economy model with public and private sectors.
  • In the late 1950s and 1960s, Pakistan introduced import substitution-based industrialisation.
  • The policy used tariff protection for consumer goods and import controls on competing goods.
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4. Demographic Indicators

  • Pakistan's population is roughly one-tenth of China's or India's.
  • China has the lowest population density among the three countries, even though it is geographically the largest.
  • Population growth is highest in Pakistan, followed by India and China.

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Key Concepts

IndiaIndia has a secularA campaign started in 1958Rural land was collectively cultivatedChina introduced reforms in agriculture

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