Citizenship — Revision Notes
CBSE · Class 11 · Political Science
Citizenship revision notes for CBSE Class 11 Political Science: 4 topics in quick points. Part of the CBSE Class 11 Political Science syllabus.
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Key Topics to Revise
1. Meaning of Citizenship
- Citizenship is full and equal membership of a political community.
- Equality of rights and status is a basic feature of citizenship.
- Citizens expect rights, help, and protection from the state wherever they live or travel.
2. Citizenship, Rights, and Marshall
- T. H. Marshall defined citizenship as a status given to full members of a community.
- Marshall identified three kinds of citizenship rights: civil, political, and social.
- Civil rights protect life, liberty, and property.
3. Struggles for Equal Citizenship
- Many rights have been gained through struggle, not given automatically.
- The French Revolution of 1789 was one of the earliest struggles for independence and rights against monarchies in Europe.
- In South Africa, the black African population struggled for equal citizenship against the ruling white minority until the early 1990s.
4. Martin Luther King Jr. and Non-Violent Resistance
- Martin Luther King Jr. was a black leader of the Civil Rights Movement against segregation laws in the southern USA.
- He argued that every human person is equal in self-worth and dignity, regardless of race or colour.
- He described segregation as social leprosy because it causes deep psychological harm.
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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