Environment and Society — Chapter Summary

Ecology is the web of physical

Ecology is the web of physical and biological systems and processes of which humans are one element. It includes mountains, rivers, plains, oceans, pl

Social environments arise from a two

Social environments arise from a two-way interaction between biophysical ecology and human interventions. Human settlements, farms, and cities are exa

Human action changes ecology through deforestation

Human action changes ecology through deforestation, urban building, agriculture, industrialisation, dams, pollution, and global warming.

Property relations

Property relations, division of labour, ownership, and control over resources shape how different people use land, water, forests, and other natural r

Environmental crises affect people differently depending

Environmental crises affect people differently depending on social status, power, class, gender, and location. Some groups can protect themselves bett