Terms, Concepts and their Use in Sociology
CBSE · Class 11 · Sociology
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Key Topics to Revise
1. Why Sociology Uses Special Terms
- Sociology needs precise concepts because familiar social life can hide important patterns.
- Common sense is not enough for sociological understanding; sociology looks at social institutions clearly and systematically.
- Concepts are tools for understanding reality, not final answers.
2. Social Groups: Aggregate, Quasi Group, Primary Group, Secondary Group
- Not every collection of people is a social group.
- Aggregates are people in the same place at the same time, with no definite connection.
- Passengers at a railway station, airport, bus stop, or a cinema audience are aggregates.
3. Community, Society or Association, In-Group and Out-Group
- Community means highly personal, intimate, and enduring human relationships.
- Family and close friends are examples of community-type relationships.
- Society or association means impersonal, superficial, and transitory relationships.
4. Reference Group and Peer Group
- Reference groups are groups whose lifestyles are emulated.
- People do not belong to their reference groups, but they identify with them.
- Reference groups are sources of culture, lifestyle, aspiration, and goal attainment.
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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