Turning Tides 11th and 12th Centuries
CBSE · Class 7 · Social Science
Summary of Turning Tides 11th and 12th Centuries for CBSE Class 7 Social Science. Key concepts, important points, and chapter overview.
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Overview
The 11th and 12th centuries were a period of major change and continuity in Indian history. Turkic powers entered north India more deeply than before, leading to raids, plunder, destruction, and the rise of new political powers. At the same time, many Indian kingdoms remained strong, built temples,
Key Concepts
Turkic powers entered north India more
Turkic powers entered north India more deeply during this period. The Ghaznavids and later the Ghūrids became important military powers.
Mahmūd of Ghazni defeated the Hindu
Mahmūd of Ghazni defeated the Hindu Shāhis, conducted 17 campaigns into India, plundered major places such as Mathura, Kannauj, and Somnath, and retur
The Hindu Shāhis ruled parts
The Hindu Shāhis ruled parts of Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and Punjab. They controlled the Khyber Pass, a major route through the Hindu Kush used
Al
Al-Bīrūnī was a Persian scholar who travelled with Mahmūd, learned Sanskrit, studied Indian knowledge, wrote an encyclopaedic survey of India, and tra
Bhāskarāchārya
Bhāskarāchārya, also called Bhāskara II, was born in 1114. His major works were Līlāvatī, Bījagānita, and Siddhāntaśhiromāṇi. His writings used clear
Learning Objectives
- Understand why the 11th and 12th centuries are seen as a turning point in Indian history.
- Identify the major powers of the period, including the Ghaznavids, Cholas, Paramāras, Chāhamānas, Senas, Kākatīyas, Hoysalas, and others.
- Describe the campaigns of Mahmūd of Ghazni and Muhammad Ghūrī and their effects.
- Recognise the contributions of scholars, poets, philosophers, and rulers such as al-Bīrūnī, Bhāskarāchārya, Bhoja Paramāra, Rāmānujāchārya, and Basaveśvara.
- Explain how trade, administration, religion, and culture continued to develop despite wars and invasions.
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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