Chapter 21 of 22
Important Topics
Biomolecules — Important Topics
NEET-UG · Chemistry
Most important topics from Biomolecules for NEET-UG Chemistry 2026 — high-weightage areas based on previous year analysis.
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Topics covered in Biomolecules for NEET-UG Chemistry.
Topics in Biomolecules
1
Carbohydrates - Structure and Classification
- Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones with general formula (CH₂O)ₙ
- Classification: Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), Disaccharides (sucrose, maltose), Polysaccharides (starch, cellulose)
- Aldoses contain aldehyde group (-CHO), ketoses contain ketone group (C=O)
2
Chemical Reactions of Carbohydrates
- Glucose shows typical aldehyde reactions: forms oxime with NH₂OH, cyanohydrin with HCN
- Reduction: Glucose + HI/P → n-hexane; Glucose + Na/Hg → sorbitol
- Oxidation: Glucose + Br₂ → gluconic acid; further oxidation with HNO₃ → glucaric acid
3
Amino Acids and Proteins
- Amino acids have general formula: R-CH(NH₂)-COOH where R is side chain
- All natural amino acids are L-α-amino acids except glycine (optically inactive)
- Classification: Neutral, acidic, basic amino acids based on side chain
4
Chemical Reactions of Amino Acids
- Ninhydrin test: Blue-violet color with amino acids (yellow with proline)
- Reaction with HNO₂: Deamination to form α-hydroxy acids + N₂
- Formation of esters: -COOH group reacts with alcohols
Key Concepts
Polyhydroxy compounds with aldehydic or ketonicBuilding blocks of proteins with generalBiological catalysts that are globular proteinsOrganic compounds required in small amountsPolynucleotides composed of nucleotides (base +
Frequently Asked Questions
What topics are covered in Biomolecules for NEET-UG?
Biomolecules is an important chapter in NEET-UG Chemistry. It covers key concepts and formulas that are frequently tested in the exam. Key topics include: Carbohydrates - Structure and Classification, Chemical Reactions of Carbohydrates, Amino Acids and Proteins, Chemical Reactions of Amino Acids.
How important is Biomolecules for NEET-UG?
Biomolecules is a frequently tested chapter in NEET-UG Chemistry. Questions from this chapter appear regularly in previous year papers. There are 76 practice questions available for this chapter.
How to prepare Biomolecules for NEET-UG?
Start by understanding the core concepts, then solve practice questions. Focus on formulas and their applications. Use revision notes for quick review before the exam.
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