Mughal Empire

A Jagir (land grant)

Step 1: The chapter explains the Mansabdari system introduced by Akbar. Step 2: The word 'Mansab' means Jagir – a piece of land granted to an official. Step 3: The Mansabdaar was the chief of the Jagir who collected revenue from it. Step 4: Option A is incorrect – Mansab was not just a military rank, though the system was connected to the army. Step 5: Option C describes the revenue rate (one-third of annual produce), not the meaning of Mansab. Option D is incorrect as it was not a title for princes. The system uniquely combined land, revenue, and military duties.

The emperor of Iran

Step 1: After Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah in 1540 A.D., he escaped to Iran. Step 2: With the help of the emperor of Iran (in 1545), he first conquered Kabul and Kandhar. Step 3: Then in 1555 A.D., he re-established his rule over India. Step 4: Option A is wrong – Afghanistan is not mentioned as the source of military help. Step 5: Options C and D are wrong – the Rajput kings and Gujarat's ruler did not help Humayun in this reconquest. The Iranian emperor's support was the key to Humayun's return.

Rajgarh

Step 1: The chapter discusses Shivaji's coronation in the context of his rise to power. Step 2: According to the chapter, Shivaji was coronated in 1674 A.D. at Rajgarh. Step 3: Option A (Shivneri) is where Shivaji was born in 1627 A.D. – this is a common confusion. Step 4: Option C (Raigad) is a historically famous fort of Shivaji but is not what the chapter mentions as the coronation location. Step 5: Option D (Pratapgarh) is associated with a famous battle but not the coronation. According to the textbook, Rajgarh is the correct answer.

Basavan

Step 1: The chapter mentions painters during Akbar's and Jahangir's reigns. Step 2: During Akbar's time, the great painters were Jaswant and Basavan, who painted beautiful pictures in Persian stories and books of translation of Mahabharata and Akbarnama. Step 3: Option A (Mansoor) was Jahangir's world-famous painter, not Akbar's. Step 4: Option B (Tansen) was a great musician and one of Akbar's Navratnas, not a painter. Step 5: Option D (Abul Fazl) was a writer who wrote Akbarnama – not a painter. Basavan is the correct painter associated with Akbar's court.