Conservation of Plants and Animals
Gujarat Board · Class 8 · Science
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Deforestation – Meaning and Causes
- Deforestation means clearing forests and using the land for other purposes.
- Man-made causes: cutting trees for cultivation, building houses/factories, making furniture, using wood as fuel.
- Natural causes: forest fires, severe droughts.
Consequences of Deforestation
- Deforestation increases temperature on Earth because fewer trees means less carbon dioxide is absorbed.
- Excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to global warming — CO2 traps heat rays reflected by the Earth.
- Global warming disturbs the water cycle, which reduces rainfall and can cause droughts.
Conservation of Forests and Wildlife – Protected Areas
- To protect flora and fauna, the government has created three types of protected areas: Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, and Biosphere Reserves.
- In all these areas, activities like plantation, cultivation, grazing, felling trees, hunting and poaching are prohibited.
- Biodiversity refers to the variety of organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms) existing on Earth and their interrelationships with each other and their environment.
Flora, Fauna, and Endemic Species
- Flora refers to the plants found in a particular area.
- Fauna refers to the animals found in a particular area.
- Examples of Flora of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve: Sal, Teak, Mango, Jamun, Silver Ferns, Arjun, Wild Mango.
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