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Formula Sheet

Hydrocarbons

ICSE · Class 11 · Chemistry

All formulas from Hydrocarbons in ICSE Class 11 Chemistry. Key equations, constants, and identities for board exam preparation.

45 questions45 flashcards5 concepts

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An infographic illustrating the main types of hydrocarbons: saturated (alkanes), unsaturated (alkenes, alkynes), and aromatic hydrocarbons, with their general structures and key characteristics.
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18 Formulas · 4 Sections

Formulas

1. Basic Classification and General Formulas

General formula of alkanes: CnH2n+2 [n = number of carbon atoms]

General formula of monocyclic cycloalkanes: CnH2n [n = number of carbon atoms in ring]

General formula of alkenes (one double bond): CnH2n [n = number of carbon atoms]

General formula of alkynes (one triple bond): CnH2n-2 [n = number of carbon atoms]

General formula of arenes with m rings: CnH2n-6m [n = carbon atoms, m = number of benzene rings]

2. Alkanes: Structure, Properties, and Preparation

sp3 hybrid orbitals in alkanes are at 109°28' directed to tetrahedron corners

Rotation around C-C single bond in alkanes is hindered by a small energy barrier of 1-20 kJ/mol due to torsional strain

Energy barrier to convert staggered ethane to eclipsed form is 12.5 kJ/mol

3. Methods of Preparation of Alkanes

C2H5Br + H2 -> C2H6 + HBr

R-Mg-X + H2O -> RH + Mg(OH)X

CH3OH + 2HI -> CH4 + I2 + H2O

CH3CHO + 4HI -> C2H6 + 2I2 + H2O

RCOONa + NaOH -> RH + Na2CO3

4. Chemical Reactions of Alkanes

CH4 + Cl2 -> CH3Cl + HCl

CH4 + I2 <-> CH3I + HI

CH4 + HNO3 -> CH3NO2 + H2O

C6H14 -> C6H13SO3H + H2O

CH3CH2OH -> CH2=CH2 + H2O

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Hydrocarbons for ICSE Class 11 Chemistry?
Key topics in Hydrocarbons include Complete Classification and Overview of Hydrocarbons, Classification and Structure of Hydrocarbons, Classification of Hydrocarbons. These are the concepts ICSE Class 11 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Hydrocarbons — ICSE Class 11 Chemistry?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 45 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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