Human-Environment Interaction and Problem Solving
ICSE · Class 11 · Environmental Science
Quick revision notes for Human-Environment Interaction and Problem Solving — ICSE Class 11 Environmental Science. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
1. Human-Environment Interaction and the Life-Environment Balance
- Human societies depend on the environment for food, water, energy, and raw materials.
- Human activities also affect air, water, soil, biodiversity, and climate.
- Environmental problems usually arise from complex interactions among human behaviour, values, economic systems, governance, and ecological processes.
2. Major Environmental Problems of the 21st Century
- The major environmental problems include biodiversity loss, ozone depletion, climate change, water crisis, ocean acidification, aerosol pollution, chemical pollution, food and livelihood insecurity, a
- These problems are interconnected and often intensify one another.
- Water covers about 70% of the Earth's surface.
3. Loss of Biodiversity, Ozone Depletion, Climate Change, and Water Crisis
- Biodiversity provides provisioning, regulating, and cultural services.
- Provisioning services include food, wood, and fresh water.
- Regulating services help control climate, pests, and disease cycles.
4. Ocean Acidification, Aerosol Pollution, Chemical Pollution, and Ecosystem Resilience
- Ocean acidification happens when carbon dioxide dissolves in water and forms carbonic acid, increasing acidity.
- Increased acidity weakens corals and shell-forming plankton.
- Ocean acidification contributes to coral bleaching and ecosystem degradation.
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