Nutrient Cycles, Ecological Succession, and Biomes
ICSE · Class 11 · Environmental Science
Quick revision notes for Nutrient Cycles, Ecological Succession, and Biomes — ICSE Class 11 Environmental Science. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
Nutrient Cycles
- Nutrient cycling is also called biogeochemical cycling.
- Nutrient cycles refer to the continuous movement and recycling of essential chemical elements between the biotic components and the abiotic components of the environment.
- Every ecosystem has three main nutrient pools: reservoir pool, exchange pool, and biotic pool.
Major Nutrient Cycles
- The main nutrient cycles are carbon, nitrogen, hydrological, and phosphorus cycles.
- The carbon cycle controls the movement of carbon between the atmosphere, living organisms, soil, and oceans.
- Carbon cycle processes are biological: photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition; and geological: fossilisation and volcanic activity.
Law of Tolerance and Human Impact
- The Law of Tolerance states that every species can only survive within a specific range of environmental conditions.
- The main conditions include temperature, pH, water availability, and nutrient levels.
- If conditions go beyond tolerance limits, a species may fail to survive in that environment.
Ecological Succession
- Ecological succession is the natural, gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time.
- There are two main types of succession: primary succession and secondary succession.
- Primary succession occurs in an area where no soil or living organisms exist initially.
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