Technological Evolution and Models
ICSE · Class 11 · Environmental Science
Complete topic list for Technological Evolution and Models in ICSE Class 11 Environmental Science. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Technological Evolution and Models
1. Technology and Its Evolution
- Technology includes tools, machines, methods, systems, and energy sources used to meet human needs.
- Technology is not limited to modern gadgets or computers.
- Early technology used stone, wood, and bone, while later stages used metal, steam, electricity, and digital systems.
2. Stages in the Evolution of Technology
- During the Palaeolithic Age, people used simple tools made from stone, wood, and bone.
- Fire was a major breakthrough in the Palaeolithic stage.
- Palaeolithic technology was low-tech, labour-intensive, and closely linked to survival.
3. Impact of Technology on Human Societies
- Technology has social, economic, political, cultural, and environmental effects.
- Social benefits include better housing, sanitation, transport, healthcare, and access to education.
- Social problems include isolation, privacy concerns, and the digital divide.
4. Hi-tech, Low-tech, and Intermediate Technology
- Hi-tech is advanced, modern, complex technology based on cutting-edge scientific research.
- Hi-tech is capital-intensive, highly skilled, and dependent on digital systems and AI.
- Hi-tech examples include robotics and automation, space technology, AI, and biotechnology.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Technology as the practical application of scientific knowledge to meet human needs, shape societies, and affect the environment
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