Determinants
ICSE · Class 12 · Mathematics
All formulas from Determinants in ICSE Class 12 Mathematics. Key equations, constants, and identities for board exam preparation.
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1. Core Definitions and Notation
|A| = det A
For a 1×1 matrix A = [a11], |A| = a11
For a 2×2 matrix A = [[a,b],[c,d]], |A| = ad - bc
For a 3×3 matrix A = [[a11,a12,a13],[a21,a22,a23],[a31,a32,a33]], |A| = a11(a22a33-a32a23) - a12(a21a33-a31a23) + a13(a21a32-a31a22)
2. Working with Minors, Cofactors, and Adjoint
Mij = determinant of matrix formed by deleting i-th row and j-th column
Cij = (-1)^(i+j) Mij
|A| = a11C11 + a12C12 + a13C13
adj A = [Cij]^T
3. Properties of Determinants
|AB| = |A||B|
|A^n| = |A|^n
|kA| = k^n|A|
|A^T| = |A|
If a row/column is all zero, determinant = 0
4. Singular, Non-singular, and Inverse Matrices
A is singular if |A| = 0
A is non-singular if |A| ≠ 0
A is invertible if and only if A is non-singular
A^-1 = (1/|A|)(adj A)
|A^-1| = 1/|A|
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