Inverse Trigonometric Functions
ICSE · Class 12 · Mathematics
Quick revision notes for Inverse Trigonometric Functions — ICSE Class 12 Mathematics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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1. Why inverse trigonometric functions are defined
- Trigonometric functions repeat their values after fixed intervals, so they are neither one-one nor onto on their natural domains.
- A function has an inverse only when it is a bijection.
- Inverse trigonometric functions are built by restricting the domain and co-domain of the original trigonometric functions.
2. Principal value branches and basic identities
- sin^-1 has principal range [-π/2, π/2].
- cos^-1 has principal range [0, π].
- tan^-1 has principal range (-π/2, π/2).
3. Negative argument and complementary angle properties
- sin^-1, tan^-1, and cosec^-1 are odd in the inverse sense.
- cos^-1, cot^-1, and sec^-1 satisfy supplementary-angle type identities.
- Pairs such as sin^-1 x + cos^-1 x add to π/2.
4. Conversion among inverse trig functions
- A right triangle gives direct conversion between all six inverse trig functions.
- Theorem 4.9 converts sin^-1, cos^-1, and tan^-1 into each other.
- Theorem 4.10 converts cosec^-1 and sec^-1 into sin^-1 and cos^-1 without case split.
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