Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles

Ask the detaining authority to produce the detained person before the court

Habeas Corpus literally means 'you shall have the body.' The court issues this writ to the detaining authority asking it to produce the detained person before the court. If the reason for detention is found insufficient, the court orders release. The option about performing a duty describes Mandamus, the one about public office describes Quo Warranto, and transferring a case describes Certiorari.

Part IV

Directive Principles of State Policy are contained in Part IV (Articles 36–51) of the Indian Constitution. Part III has Fundamental Rights, Part IVA (added by the 42nd Amendment) contains Fundamental Duties (Article 51A), and Part VI deals with the States. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar called Part IV the 'charter of social and economic democracy in India.'

Fundamental Rights are justiciable; DPSP are non-justiciable

The most important difference is that Fundamental Rights are justiciable — courts can enforce them. DPSP are non-justiciable — courts cannot compel the government to implement them. Both can be amended by Parliament. Both are in different Parts: FRs in Part III and DPSP in Part IV. Some Fundamental Rights are also available to non-citizens.

Six

Article 19 guarantees six essential freedoms: (1) Freedom of speech and expression, (2) Right to peaceful assembly without arms, (3) Right to form associations or unions, (4) Right to free movement throughout India, (5) Right to reside and settle in any part of India, and (6) Right to practise any profession, trade or business. Originally there were seven freedoms, but the right to acquire, hold, and dispose of property was removed by the 44th Amendment.