Directive Principles of State Policy

Principles Relating to Economic Equality

Step 1: Directive Principles are classified into different categories. Step 2: Principles Relating to Economic Equality deal with reducing income inequality, fair wages, and equal opportunities for men and women. Step 3: Equal pay for equal work is directly related to economic equality, not social or Gandhian principles. Step 4: Gandhian Principles focus on village panchayats, cottage industries, and banning intoxicants. Step 5: Therefore, equal pay for equal work belongs to Principles Relating to Economic Equality.

Promotion of cottage industries and handicrafts in villages

Step 1: Gandhian Principles are those inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's vision of India. Step 2: Gandhi strongly believed in village self-sufficiency, cottage industries, and rural development. Step 3: Promotion of cottage industries and handicrafts in villages is directly a Gandhian Principle. Step 4: Separation of judiciary is a principle of Law and Justice. Friendly foreign relations is an International Peace principle. Protection of monuments is a Miscellaneous Principle. Step 5: So, promotion of cottage industries is the correct Gandhian Principle here.

Principles Relating to Law, Justice and Administration

Step 1: The Directive Principles are divided into several categories based on their theme. Step 2: 'Separation of judiciary from the executive' is about how government institutions should function independently. Step 3: This directly relates to how laws and justice are administered in the country. Step 4: Hence, it falls under Principles Relating to Law, Justice and Administration. Step 5: Gandhian, Economic Equality, and International Peace principles do not cover judicial independence — so they are incorrect choices.

Distribution of functions and powers to lower levels of government

Step 1: The word 'decentralise' comes from 'de' (away from) + 'centralise' (to bring to one centre). Step 2: It means spreading out power and functions from a central point to lower levels. Step 3: In the context of Directive Principles, it refers to reviving Panchayati Raj so that local bodies have power. Step 4: This ensures that people at the village level have a say in governance, not just the central government. Step 5: Other options like concentrating wealth or removing judiciary powers are the opposite of what decentralisation means.